ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Apple Seed Extract Post-Treatment Alters Selected IGF-Related and Extracellular Matrix-Associated Markers Following Tobacco Leaf Extract-Induced Histological Liver Injury.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Tobacco leaf extract (TLE) exposure can induce liver injury-associated responses involving cell death, inflammatory signaling, and extracellular matrix (ECM)-related changes. This study examined whether apple seed extract (ASE) post-treatment changes apoptosis-, inflammation-, ECM-, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-related markers after TLE exposure. Primary mouse hepatocytes were exposed to TLE, ASE alone, or TLE followed by ASE, and mouse liver tissues were examined after TLE exposure with or without ASE post-treatment. TLE reduced hepatocyte viability in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC
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