Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42449689›Full record

ArticleCancers2026

Early Classification of Bladder Cancer Using Spectrum-Aided Visual Enhancer (SAVE) and Deep Learning Models: A Non-Invasive Technology for Faster Detection.

Min-Hsin Yang, Yaswanth Nagisetti, Arvind Mukundan, Riya Karmakar, Chun-Feng Chang, Syna Syna, Ying-Jui Ni, Hsiang-Chen Wang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Min-Hsin YangInstitute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 402 No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0003-3034-9548
Yaswanth NagisettiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Minxiong Township, Chia Yi 62102, Taiwan.ORCID 0009-0009-0530-3995
Arvind MukundanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai 600069, Tamil Nadu, India.ORCID 0000-0002-7741-3722
Riya KarmakarDepartment of Integrated B.Tech, School of Engineering and Technology, Sanjivani University, Kopargaon 423603, Maharashtra, India.ORCID 0000-0003-0762-6770
Chun-Feng ChangDepartment of Surgery, Urological Surgery Division, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, 2, Zhongzheng 1st Rd., Lingya District, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan.ORCID 0009-0007-5629-4203
Syna SynaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Minxiong Township, Chia Yi 62102, Taiwan.ORCID 0009-0002-3522-7857
Ying-Jui NiDepartment of Surgery, Urological Surgery Division, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, 2, Zhongzheng 1st Rd., Lingya District, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan.
Hsiang-Chen WangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Minxiong Township, Chia Yi 62102, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0003-4107-2062

Funding

Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital KAFGH_MND_MAB_D_114210National Science and Technology Council NSTC 113-2221-E-194-011-MY3
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesBladder cancer (BC) is a significant global health issue, ranking as the ninth most prevalent cancer with a rising incidence. Conventional diagnostic methods, including cystoscopy and standard imaging techniques, possess limitations in identifying early cancer symptoms and accurately staging bladder cancer.

methodsConsequently, this study developed a computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) system utilizing a novel, purely software-driven approach called Spectrum-Aided Vision Enhancer (SAVE) in conjunction with deep learning algorithms.

resultsOur results demonstrate the profound potential of SAVE to expand diagnostic accessibility in medical imaging. While achieving an overall performance comparable to standard WLI (overall

conclusionsThese findings indicate that SAVE can provide reliable baseline detection while enhancing visual cues for specific complex lesions without requiring expensive optical equipment. For instance, in the 'Above T1' class, SAVE elevated the F1-score from 65% to 85% utilizing VGG16. These findings indicate that SAVE can provide resource-constrained clinical settings with advanced, high-contrast diagnostic capabilities, effectively decentralizing precision urological care.

Indexed as

bladder cancercomputer-aided diagnostic (CAD)GoogLeNetInceptionResNet V2Resnet 34Spectrum-Aided Vision Enhancer (SAVE)VGG16YOLOv5

Identifiers

PMID42449689
PMCPMC13359820

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.