Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42449581›Full record

ArticleCancers2026

Efficacy and Time-Dependent Pattern of Consolidation Immunotherapy in Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer After Induction Chemoimmunotherapy and Radiotherapy: A Dual-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.

Hao Zhang, Yujun Hu, Ciming Sun, Huimin Xu, Yajing Liang, Hui Liu, Qiwen Li, Shuohan Zheng

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cancers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Hao ZhangDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430079, China.
Yujun HuDepartment of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
Ciming SunDepartment of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
Huimin XuDepartment of Medical Oncology, Yiyang Center Hospital, Yiyang 413000, China.
Yajing LiangDepartment of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
Hui LiuDepartment of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
Qiwen LiDepartment of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
Shuohan ZhengDepartment of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.

Funding

Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province 2023A04J2120National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention 2023ZD0502100National Natural Science Foundation of China 82502316
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesThe efficacy and time-dependent pattern of consolidation immunotherapy after induction chemoimmunotherapy and radiotherapy remain unclear in unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study evaluated the efficacy and temporal pattern of consolidation immunotherapy in this population.

methodsThis dual-center retrospective cohort study included patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC who achieved disease control after induction chemoimmunotherapy followed by definitive radiotherapy. To reduce potential immortal time bias, only patients who remained alive and progression-free within 2 months after radiotherapy were included. Patients were grouped according to receipt of consolidation immunotherapy. Survival outcomes were analyzed using stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting, multivariable Cox regression, sequential landmark Cox analysis, and landmark restricted mean survival time analysis.

resultsAmong 170 eligible patients, 65 received consolidation immunotherapy and 105 did not. After a median follow-up of 33 months, consolidation immunotherapy was associated with longer PFS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35-0.78,

conclusionsConsolidation immunotherapy was associated with improved survival, and its benefit appeared more evident during the early treatment period, particularly around 8-10 months. The optimal treatment duration requires further prospective validation.

Indexed as

consolidation immunotherapyoverall survivalprogression-free survivalunresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer

Identifiers

PMID42449581
PMCPMC13360170

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