ArticleBMC oral health2026
Effects of adhesive application timing on the push-out bond strength of four calcium silicate-based cements: a comparative study in vitro.
Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Shear Bond Strength of TheraCal PT and Calcium Silicate-Based Cement to a Flowable Composite Resin According to Bonding Strategy.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInformation about recently introduced calcium silicate-based materials and their bond performance to coronal dentin after adhesive exposure is limited. The aim of this study was to determine whether dentin adhesive applied 1 h or 3 days after placing calcium silicate-based materials adversely affects their push-out bond strength (POBS) to dentin.
methodsTheraCal PT (TC) and three premixed-type calcium silicate-based cements (CSBCs) ̶ Endocem MTA Premixed Heavy (EC), One-Fil Putty (OF), and BC Universal RRM (RM) ̶ were tested. Two coronal dentin discs with a thickness of 1 mm were obtained from each of 23 extracted human molars. The final total was 45 discs after excluding one that was damaged during preparation. Four cylindrical cavities were drilled in each dentin disc. The cavities of all dentin discs were filled with four calcium silicate-based materials, then grouped according to dentin adhesive application timing as early, delayed, or no adhesive (control). Prime & Bond Universal dentin adhesive was applied above the calcium silicate-based material after 1 h (early) and 3 days (delayed), respectively. After 7 days, POBS was measured with a universal testing machine. Five additional specimens were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis tests with Bonferroni post-hoc correction (α = 0.05).
resultsAdhesive application at 1 h after premixed CSBC placement significantly reduced the POBS of EC compared with the control (P < 0.05). The POBS of TC remained high regardless of adhesive application. The SEM-EDS findings revealed dense polygonal crystalline structures in the control, whereas the delayed group had a mixture of these crystals and the adhesive layer. However, the adhesive penetrated the premixed-type CBSC, leaving visible filler particles on the surface of the early groups.
conclusionsWithin the limitations of this experimental design, adhesive application 1 h after placing premixed CSBC adversely affected the 7-day POBS of EC. The POBS was higher for TheraCal PT than premixed-type CSBCs when evaluated using Prime & Bond Universal in self-etch mode after storage for 7 days.
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