Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42449374›Full record

ArticleBMC oral health2026

Effects of adhesive application timing on the push-out bond strength of four calcium silicate-based cements: a comparative study in vitro.

JeeWoo Son, Goun Yoo, Ji-Hyun Jang, Hyun-Jung Kim, Seok Woo Chang, Shin Hye Chung, Soram Oh

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

JeeWoo SonDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
Goun YooDepartment of Dental Biomaterials Science, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
Ji-Hyun JangDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
Hyun-Jung KimDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
Seok Woo ChangDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
Shin Hye ChungDepartment of Dental Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
Soram OhDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital, Seoul, 02447, South Korea. soram@khu.ac.kr.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8843-2144

Funding

Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation , Korean government (MSIP&MOHW) No. RS2022NR071907National Research Foundation of Korea RS-2025-00519698
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInformation about recently introduced calcium silicate-based materials and their bond performance to coronal dentin after adhesive exposure is limited. The aim of this study was to determine whether dentin adhesive applied 1 h or 3 days after placing calcium silicate-based materials adversely affects their push-out bond strength (POBS) to dentin.

methodsTheraCal PT (TC) and three premixed-type calcium silicate-based cements (CSBCs) ̶ Endocem MTA Premixed Heavy (EC), One-Fil Putty (OF), and BC Universal RRM (RM) ̶ were tested. Two coronal dentin discs with a thickness of 1 mm were obtained from each of 23 extracted human molars. The final total was 45 discs after excluding one that was damaged during preparation. Four cylindrical cavities were drilled in each dentin disc. The cavities of all dentin discs were filled with four calcium silicate-based materials, then grouped according to dentin adhesive application timing as early, delayed, or no adhesive (control). Prime & Bond Universal dentin adhesive was applied above the calcium silicate-based material after 1 h (early) and 3 days (delayed), respectively. After 7 days, POBS was measured with a universal testing machine. Five additional specimens were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis tests with Bonferroni post-hoc correction (α = 0.05).

resultsAdhesive application at 1 h after premixed CSBC placement significantly reduced the POBS of EC compared with the control (P < 0.05). The POBS of TC remained high regardless of adhesive application. The SEM-EDS findings revealed dense polygonal crystalline structures in the control, whereas the delayed group had a mixture of these crystals and the adhesive layer. However, the adhesive penetrated the premixed-type CBSC, leaving visible filler particles on the surface of the early groups.

conclusionsWithin the limitations of this experimental design, adhesive application 1 h after placing premixed CSBC adversely affected the 7-day POBS of EC. The POBS was higher for TheraCal PT than premixed-type CSBCs when evaluated using Prime & Bond Universal in self-etch mode after storage for 7 days.

Indexed as

Calcium CompoundsDental BondingDental CementsDentin-Bonding AgentsSilicatesAluminum CompoundsDental Stress AnalysisDentinDrug CombinationsHumansMaterials TestingMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningOxidesResin CementsRoot Canal Filling MaterialsSurface PropertiesAluminum CompoundsCalcium Compoundscalcium silicateDental CementsDentin-Bonding AgentsDrug Combinationsendocemmineral trioxide aggregateOxidesResin CementsRoot Canal Filling MaterialsSilicatesCalcium silicate-based cementDental bondingDental pulp cappingPush-out bond strengthScanning electron microscopy

Identifiers

PMID42449374
PMCPMC13670674

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.