Observational studyRespiratory research2026
High prevalence of malnutrition and sarcopenia in patients with NTM pulmonary disease: results from an Italian prospective multicentre study.
Observational study in Respiratory research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundNTM pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is frequently associated with low body mass index and weight loss, yet comprehensive nutritional evaluation at diagnosis remains limited.
methodsWe conducted a multicenter observational study across eight Italian referral centers to assess nutritional status and physical performance in newly diagnosed NTM-PD patients. Assessments included anthropometry, nutritional and physical activity questionnaires, bioelectrical impedance analysis, handgrip strength, gait speed, and pulmonary function tests in order to identify nutritional phenotypes and sarcopenia according to EWGSOP2 definition.
results69 patients (77% female, mean age 69 years) were enrolled. The majority had Mycobacterium avium complex infection (74%), and 29% had a cavitary disease. Lung function impairment was generally mild. However, physical performance was frequently reduced: 36% showed impaired gait speed and 45% reduced handgrip strength. Nutritional evaluation revealed a high burden of undernutrition: over 20% of participants were underweight, up to 40% were at risk of malnutrition or overtly malnourished according to screening tools and more than 20% already exhibited a malnourished phenotype. Sarcopenia was identified in 29% of subjects. Cavitary disease was associated with worse nutritional status and higher prevalence of severe sarcopenia. Overall, more than half of participants required nutritional intervention.
conclusionPatients with NTM-PD at diagnosis show a high prevalence of impaired nutritional status (40% at risk of malnutrition or malnourished and requiring a nutritional intervention) and physical performance. Sarcopenia is also highly prevalent (29%) highlighting the need for dietary and physical interventions.
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