Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42449329›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2026

Laboratory-confirmed sexually transmitted infections and associated factors among street-based female sex workers in Southwest Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study.

Dawit Haile Zeben, Getachew Yitayew Tarekegn, Bekana Fekecha Hurissa, Taju Mohamed A/Macha, Hassen A/Raya A/Jobir, Mudin Hussen A/Bor, Genzebe Asfaw Lakew, Bosena Tebeje Gashaw

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Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Dawit Haile ZebenDepartment of Midwifery Education, School of Midwifery, Institute of Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia. dawitshalom46@gmail.com.
Getachew Yitayew TarekegnDepartment of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Bekana Fekecha HurissaDepartment of Maternity and Reproductive Health, School of Midwifery, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Taju Mohamed A/MachaDepartment of Nursing, Institute of Health, Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Hassen A/Raya A/JobirDepartment of Business Management, School of Business, Rift Valley University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Mudin Hussen A/BorDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Genzebe Asfaw LakewDepartment of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Rift Valley University, Jimma Branch, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Bosena Tebeje GashawDepartment of Maternity and Reproductive Health, School of Midwifery, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundStreet-based sex work raises women's risks regarding sexual health, particularly concerning STIs, due to factors such as violence, limited condom negotiation power, and inadequate access to health services. Evidence on STIs among female sex workers in Southwest Ethiopia is notably scarce, despite the public health implications.

objectiveTo assess the prevalence of laboratory-confirmed sexually transmitted infections and associated factors among street-based female sex workers in Southwest Ethiopia.

methodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 street-based female sex workers attending key population clinics in Jimma and Agaro key population clinic towns. Data were collected using structured face-to-face interviews, and biological samples were analyzed for HIV, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis using standard serological and nucleic acid amplification tests in accordance with national STI testing algorithms at three key population clinics from March to December 2025. To avoid duplicate enrollment during the prolonged study period, unique identification codes and clinic records were used to ensure that each participant was included only once. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, and variables with P ≤ 0.25 in the bivariable analysis were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model.

resultsOverall, 38.9% (95% CI: 32.2-45.8) of participants had at least one laboratory-confirmed STI. The prevalence of HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia was 10.3%, 11.0%, 8.4%, and 8.9%, respectively. More than half (54%) reported initiating sex work before age 18. Early initiation of sex work was independently associated with laboratory-confirmed STIs (AOR = 3.16, 95% CI, 2.02-7.22). Other significant predictors included illiteracy (AOR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.22-6.35), rural origin (AOR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.57-5.81), having more than two clients per day (AOR = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.32-4.95), inconsistent condom use (AOR = 3.03, 95% CI: 2.14-5.93), and experience of sexual violence (AOR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.48-5.20).

conclusionThe prevalence of laboratory-confirmed STIs was high among street-based female sex workers in southwest Ethiopia. Early initiation of sex work, low educational status, rural origin, high client numbers, inconsistent condom use, sexual violence, and limited access to services were independently associated with increased STI risk. These findings highlight the need for integrated, targeted interventions focusing on prevention, improved service access, and structural vulnerabilities.

Indexed as

Sexually Transmitted DiseasesSex WorkersAdolescentAdultCross-Sectional StudiesEthiopiaFemaleHumansPrevalenceRisk FactorsYoung AdultEthiopiaFemale sex workersJimmaSexually transmitted infectionsStreet-based sex work

Identifiers

PMID42449329

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.