Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42449194›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

Age predicts Alzheimer's in Down syndrome better than MRI, plasma, or cognition.

James T Kennedy, Julie K Wisch, Benjamin L Handen, Sigan Hartley, Adam M Brickman, Joseph H Lee, Sharon Krinsky-McHale, Florence Lai, Herminia Rosas, Elizabeth Head and 13 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

James T KennedyDepartment of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6499-1400
Julie K WischDepartment of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Benjamin L HandenDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Sigan HartleyWaisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Adam M BrickmanDepartment of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Joseph H LeeDepartment of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Sharon Krinsky-McHaleDepartment of Psychology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, New York, New York, USA.
Florence LaiDepartment of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.
Herminia RosasDepartment of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.
Elizabeth HeadDepartment of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
Bradley ChristianWaisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Shahid ZamanCambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Ira T LottDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA.
Christy HomPsychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
Lauren T PtomeyCardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
Jeffrey M BurnsUniversity of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
Anne CohenDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Dana TudorascuDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Charles LaymonDepartment of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Patrick LaoDepartment of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Melissa PetersenInstitute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
Frederick SchmittAlzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Beau M AncesDepartment of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

Funding

University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001857 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI REIS, STEVEN E · 2016 to 2025
$129.3M
National Centralized Repository for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (NCRAD)U24AG021886 · NIA · INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS · PI TATIANA M. FOROUD · 2002 to 2026
$119.8M
Project 3: Biomarkers for DS Clinical TrialsU19AG068054 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI ANCES, BEAU M · 2020 to 2025
$103.7M
Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR001873 · NCATS · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI REILLY, MUREDACH P · 2016 to 2025
$99.0M
WU INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCESUL1TR002345 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI William G. Powderly · 2017 to 2026
$97.8M
University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational ResearchUL1TR002373 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI ELIZABETH S BURNSIDE, Allan R. Brasier · 2017 to 2026
$75.9M
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY ALZHEIMERS DISEASE RESEARCH CENTERP50AG005681 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI MORRIS, JOHN · 1985 to 2019
$52.1M
Satellite Diagnostic and Treatment Clinic CoreP50AG008702 · NIA · COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE · PI DE JAGER, PHILIP L · 1989 to 2019
$46.3M
TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASEP50AG005133 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI SWEET, ROBERT A · 1985 to 2019
$43.0M
Research Education ComponentP30AG062421 · NIA · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Christine S Ritchie · 2019 to 2026
$36.5M
University of California Health Participation in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C)UL1TR001414 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI COOPER, DAN M, VILAIN, ERIC J. · 2015 to 2023
$35.1M
Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterP30AG062715 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Sanjay Asthana · 2019 to 2026
$34.5M
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Centralized Repository for Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias U24 AG21886NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001414NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001857NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001873NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002345NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002373NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062421NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062715NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066444NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066519NIA NIH HHS P50 AG005133NIA NIH HHS P50 AG005681NIA NIH HHS P50 AG008702NIA NIH HHS U01 AG051406NIA NIH HHS U01 AG051412NIA NIH HHS U19 AG068054NIA NIH HHS U24 AG021886NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD105353NICHD NIH HHS U54 HD087011NICHD NIH HHS U54 HD090256NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre and the Windsor Research Unit, CPFT, Fulbourn Hospital Cambridge, UKThe Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers Program P50 AG16537
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) dementia in Down syndrome (DS) occurs at predictable ages. It is unclear whether age can differentiate across AD stages (amyloid positivity, tau positivity, mild cognitive impairment [MCI], dementia).

methodsUsing data from the Alzheimer's Biomarker Consortium-Down Syndrome, we analyzed how well age differentiated stage using receiver operating characteristic curves. We compared areas under the curve (AUC) for age to AUCs for imaging, biofluid, cognitive, motor, and behavioral variables.

resultsSample varied by stage and variable. Up to 148 variables and 461 participants were analyzed. Age effectively differentiated amyloid positivity, tau positivity, and MCI (AUCs > 0.85) but poorly discriminated MCI from dementia (0.588). No variable was better than age in distinguishing stages, except for MCI/dementia. DISCUSSION: Our results show that age alone is effective at staging DS AD. Age is the most reliable correlate of amyloid, tau status, and cognitive impairment in DS and could screen for future clinical trials.

Indexed as

AgingAlzheimer DiseaseCognitionDown SyndromeAgedAmyloid beta-PeptidesBiomarkersCognitive DysfunctionFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedNeuropsychological TestsROC Curvetau ProteinsAmyloid beta-PeptidesBiomarkerstau ProteinsAlzheimer's diseasebiomarkerscognitiondiagnosticsDown syndrome

Identifiers

PMID42449194
PMCPMC13369008

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.