[Twelve-month clinical follow-up of patients diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia].

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic disease with a high prevalence in premature infants. Its development is related to multiple risk factors, including prolonged oxygen use, mechanical ventilation, and the presence of infections. Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and factors associated with readmission in patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia after 12 months of follow-up. Materials and methods: This was an observational, analytical, and longitudinal study. Patients born before 36 weeks of gestation with BPD, seen in the Pediatric Pulmonology outpatient clinic between September 2023 and August 2024, were included. Results: Eighty-one patients were analyzed. The median gestational age was 30 weeks (IQR 5; 25th percentile: 28 weeks; 75th percentile: 33 weeks); 53% were female, and 64.2% presented with moderate BPD. All patients had at least one hospital readmission. 61.7% presented with retinopathy of prematurity. 30% required oxygen for more than one year. A significant association was found between low birth weight at one year and a higher number of readmissions (OR: 9.08; 95% CI: 2.10-39.2; p = 0.002). Conclusions: The clinical course of patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains unfavorable. Low birth weight at one year was the main factor associated with readmissions. Nutritional monitoring and infection prevention strategies are needed to improve long-term prognosis.