ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2026
Community-level prevalence and determinants of Schistosoma mansoni infection in river-crossing Kebeles of Mizan-Aman Town, Southwest Ethiopia, where mass drug administration targets only school-aged children.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionSchistosomiasis remains a major neglected tropical disease, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) causes intestinal schistosomiasis through contact with cercariae-infested freshwater. In Ethiopia, control relies mainly on school-based mass drug administration (MDA) targeting school-aged children (SAC), while adults and other at-risk groups are often untreated. This study assessed the community-level prevalence and determinants of S. mansoni infection in Mizan-Aman Town following implementation of SAC-focused MDA.
methodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to February 2022 in Mizan-Aman Town. A total of 349 participants from selected households were enrolled using systematic sampling. Socio-demographic and risk factor data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires. Stool samples (~5 g) were collected and examined using duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears (41.7 mg template). Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associated factors, with significance set at p < 0.05.
resultsThe prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 23.2% (95% CI: 18.9-28.0). Poly parasitism was observed in 12.3% of participants and the overall intestinal parasitic infection prevalence was 50.7%. Moreover, use of river water for domestic purposes (AOR = 5.86, 95% CI: 2.90-11.83), bathing in rivers (AOR = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.32-6.73), swimming in rivers (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.28-5.34), and farmland proximity to rivers (AOR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.10-4.75) were statistically significant predictors. Age and sex were not significantly associated with infection.
conclusionThe current study revealed a moderate prevalence of S. mansoni, suggesting that untreated community members may serve as reservoirs of infection for SAC and indicating ongoing transmission despite school-based MDA. Therefore, expanding treatment to include adults, together with improved water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions and continuous epidemiological surveillance, is essential for sustainable reduction of transmission.
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