ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2026
Bradykinin contributes to vasogenic edema in murine experimental cerebral malaria.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) from Plasmodium falciparum is a major cause of death in African children. Since bradykinin (BK) is a mediator of vasogenic edema, we hypothesized that it contributes to the pathogenesis of CM in Kenyan children and Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected (PbA-infected) C57BL/6J mice in experimental CM (ECM). Cleaved plasma high-molecular-weight kininogen (cHK) is a marker for BK release. 40% of children with central nervous system malaria had plasma cHK versus 18% of children with uncomplicated malaria. Wild-type PbA-infected mice with ECM had circulating cHK, elevated BK levels, and reduced HK and prekallikrein activity/antigen levels. HK-null (Kng1-/-), combined BK B1- and B2 receptor-null (Bdkrb1-/-Bdkrb2-/-), BK B2 receptor-null (Bdkrb2-/-), or BK B1 receptor-null (Bdkrb1-/-) mice were protected significantly from neurologic deterioration and brain edema compared with wild-type mice. F12-/- mice were not protected from neurological deterioration. Prekallikrein-null (Klkb1-/-), prolylcarboxypeptidase hypomorph (Prcpgt/gt), and brain endothelial cell conditional KO of PRCP (Prcpfl/fl Cre) mice with ECM had reduced neurologic deterioration and brain edema. Adjuvant plasma kallikrein inhibition combined with artesunate treatment in PbA-infected mice reversed neurologic deterioration and brain edema and significantly prolonged survival over artesunate alone. BK-induced vasogenic edema contributes to human and murine CM.
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