Trial reportPhysiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy2026
Energy Cost of Walking in Relation to Impairment and Functional Independence After Stroke: The Role of Walking Speed.
Trial report in Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05477238 (Oxygen Consumption in Post-stroke Patients During Various Walking Activities Compared to Healthy Controls), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Oxygen Consumption in Post-stroke Patients During Various Walking Activities Compared to Healthy Controls
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeStroke survivors often exhibit reduced walking efficiency, reflected by an increased energy cost of walking (Cw). Although Cw has been associated with walking performance, its relationship with impairment severity and independence in activities of daily living (ADL) remains unclear, particularly across real-life walking conditions. This study aimed to examine the association between impairment severity and Cw across real-life walking tasks. A secondary objective was to assess the association between Cw and independence in ADL.
methodsThis secondary analysis used data from a cross-sectional study including 30 stroke survivors. Participants performed walking tasks under real-life conditions (overground, irregular surface, slope, and stairs) at self-selected speeds. Oxygen consumption was measured using portable indirect calorimetry, and Cw was calculated as the ratio of oxygen consumption to walking speed. Impairment severity and independence in ADL were assessed using the NIHSS and the Barthel Index. Associations were analyzed using Spearman's correlations, with additional analyses adjusted for walking speed.
resultsUnadjusted analyses showed significant associations between Cw and impairment severity across overground walking, stair descent, irregular terrain walking, and downhill walking (ρ = 0.38-0.59). Cw was also significantly associated with independence in ADL across overground walking, stair descent, irregular terrain walking, uphill, and downhill walking (ρ = -0.38 to -0.59), with the strongest associations generally observed during irregular terrain and downhill walking. After adjustment for walking speed, none of these associations remained statistically significant (all p > 0.05). DISCUSSION: Cw was associated with both impairment severity and independence in ADL, but these relationships were largely explained by walking speed. These findings suggest that gait velocity is a central factor linking walking energetics to clinical and functional outcomes after stroke. Limitations include the relatively mild impairment level and the cross-sectional design.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05477238.
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