In Search of Genetic Agency: On the Uses and Actionability of Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Test Results in Biohacking Practices.

The article examines why and with what consequences biohacking individuals use direct-to-consumer genetic tests (DTC GTs). Based on thematic coding of 15 semi-structured interviews, it argues that these users generally see themselves as capable of generating actionable knowledge to optimise future health by manipulating their 'milieu'. DTC GTs are integrated into this perspective as a knowledge technology for prevention and optimisation. However, informants often find it difficult to translate DTC test results into concrete action and the study identifies their different strategies for making this type of knowledge actionable. These include monitoring risk conditions, changing or reinforcing existing lifestyle practices, engaging in trial-and-error experimentation or postponing action whilst awaiting more advanced knowledge. The article furthermore outlines the relational dilemmas experienced by the informants as a type of consequence of taking DTC GTs. Overall, the article shows the various ways that a highly knowledge-oriented user group navigates DTC test results by relying on an 'epigenetic imaginary' that reframes genetic risk as open to intervention, but also how it struggles to close the gap between test results and the health-optimising actions that are so central for biohacking practices.