Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42445979›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

Untreated obstructive sleep apnea and accelerated cognitive decline over 10 years.

Christopher N Kaufmann, Jennifer S Albrecht, Vishaldeep Kaur Sekhon, Alden L Gross, Emerson M Wickwire, Halima Amjad, David L Roth, Atul Malhotra, Marcela D Blinka, Xiaowen Chen and 6 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Christopher N KaufmannDepartment of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Jennifer S AlbrechtDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Vishaldeep Kaur SekhonDivision of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Alden L GrossCenter on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Emerson M WickwireDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Halima AmjadDivision of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
David L RothDivision of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Atul MalhotraDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.
Marcela D BlinkaDivision of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Xiaowen ChenCenter on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Chien-Yu TsengDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Marc Kaizi-LutuDepartment of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Chunyu LiuDepartment of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Kening JiangDepartment of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Ginger ChangDepartment of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Adam P SpiraCenter on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Funding

The National Health and Trends StudyU01AG032947 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI VICKI A. FREEDMAN, JENNIFER ANN SCHRACK · 2008 to 2026
$169.4M
University of Florida Older Americans Independence Center (OAIC)P30AG028740 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI Karyn A Esser, Todd Manini · 2007 to 2026
$22.8M
Is Obstructive Sleep Apnea Important in the Development of Alzheimer's DiseaseR01AG063925 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI MALHOTRA, ATUL · 2020 to 2024
$3.7M
Underlying mechanisms of obesity-induced obstructive sleep apneaR01HL148436 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Atul Malhotra · 2020 to 2026
$3.4M
Sleep Apnea Endophenotypes: One Size Does Not Fit AllR01HL154926 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI MALHOTRA, ATUL · 2021 to 2025
$3.3M
Sleep apnea treatment and risk for cognitive decline and Alzheimers diseaseR01AG079391 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI Christopher Norfleet Kaufmann · 2022 to 2026
$3.1M
The cardiovascular consequences of sleep apnea plus COPD (Overlap syndrome)R01HL166485 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Atul Malhotra · 2023 to 2026
$3.1M
VentNet: A Real-Time Multimodal Data Integration Model for Prediction of Respiratory Failure in Patients with COVID-19R01HL157985 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI MALHOTRA, ATUL, NEMATI, SHAMIM · 2022 to 2025
$2.9M
Developing a Diverse Next Generation of Leaders in Respiratory ScienceT32HL166127 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Laura Elise Crotty Alexander, Atul Malhotra · 2023 to 2026
$1.6M
Improving Post-Diagnosis Dementia Care in Primary CareK23AG064036 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI AMJAD, HALIMA · 2020 to 2024
$932k
Leadership Training in Real-World Data Analytics: Sleep and Alzheimer's DiseaseK02AG095384 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI Christopher Norfleet Kaufmann · 2025 to 2026
$298k
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL148436NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL154926NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL157985NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL166485NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL166127NIA NIH HHS 5T32AG027668-19NIA NIH HHS K02AG095384NIA NIH HHS K23 AG064036NIA NIH HHS K23AG064036NIA NIH HHS P30AG028740NIA NIH HHS R01 AG063925NIA NIH HHS R01AG079391NIA NIH HHS U01AG032947
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with cognitive decline, but short-term studies show limited cognitive benefits of its treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). We examined whether longer follow-up exhibits greater cognitive differences associated with CPAP use.

methodsWe analyzed 777 participants from the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) with linked Medicare claims, with one or more claims for OSA and no baseline cognitive impairment. CPAP treatment was defined by one or more CPAP claims. Cognitive trajectories from 2011 to 2021 were estimated using a factor score derived from annual cognitive performance assessments and compared by CPAP treatment status using adjusted generalized linear mixed models.

resultsCognitive performance declined over follow-up. CPAP-treated participants declined by -0.03 standard deviation (SD) units per year (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.04, -0.02). Untreated participants experienced a 69% faster decline (CPAP-by-time interaction: -0.02; 95% CI: -0.04, -0.001). DISCUSSION: CPAP therapy may slow cognitive decline in older adults with OSA.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionContinuous Positive Airway PressureSleep Apnea, ObstructiveAgedAged, 80 and overDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansMaleUnited Statescognitive declinecontinuous positive airway pressureobstructive sleep apnea

Identifiers

PMID42445979
PMCPMC13366499

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.