ArticleHealth behavior research2026
Kratom Brands in Vape Shops Across the US.
Article in Health behavior research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Kratom may pose some health risks (e.g., liver toxicity, seizures, dependence), and interstate commerce is federally illegal; however, kratom is sold widely in the US. The extent of interstate commerce is unclear, but may be indicated by brands present across states/territories. Thus, this study examined kratom brands sold in US vape shops. Using Google Maps, we identified vape shops in all 50 states, DC, and Puerto Rico. Stores were called in November/December 2023. To achieve our target sample of 520 (n=10 per state/territory), 661 stores were called (contact rate=78.7%). Kratom was sold in 372/520 shops (71.5%), of which 153 (41.1%) provided brand information. Among 129 brands reported, OPMS was sold in 90.20% of shops across 42 states/territories, Remarkable Herb in 34.64% across 30 states/territories, and MIT 45 in 33.33% across 31 states/territories. Interstate brand presence indicates likely violations of federal laws and the need to strengthen regulation and enforcement.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42445841PMC13361140What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.