Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42445535›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2026

Systematic benchmark of reduced-lead configurations for 12-lead ECG reconstruction: multi-model evaluation across all possible subsets.

Xinyu Zhang, Hailing Cai, Huilong Duan, Xudong Lu

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Xinyu ZhangCollege of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Hailing CaiCollege of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Huilong DuanCollege of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Xudong LuCollege of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Portable reduced-lead ECG devices offer a practical path to pre-hospital emergency care and community cardiovascular screening, yet a foundational question has remained unresolved: which subset of the standard 12 leads should such a device actually record? Prior work evaluates a small number of fixed configurations selected by convention, without systematic comparison across the full combinatorial space or adequate accounting for the true cost of electrode attachment. We present the first exhaustive benchmark evaluating all 4,094 C(12, N) lead subsets for

Indexed as

12-lead reconstructioncardiovascular diagnosiscommunity care ECG monitoringcomposite scoringelectrode efficiencyexhaustive benchmarklead selectionreduced-lead ECG

Identifiers

PMID42445535
PMCPMC13357747

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.