ArticleFrontiers in surgery2026
Effectiveness and safety of periareolar micro-excision combined with liposuction for gynecomastia: a retrospective cohort of 177 patients.
Article in Frontiers in surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: Gynecomastia is common and carries substantial psychosocial burden; liposuction alone has limited efficacy for glandular removal. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of liposuction combined with periareolar micro-incision gland excision for the treatment of gynecomastia. Methods: From January 2019 to April 2025, we treated 177 patients with gynecomastia. All underwent liposuction plus periareolar micro-incision gland excision. We performed a retrospective review of clinical records to assess long-term surgical outcomes, complications, and patient satisfaction. Results: The median excised gland weight was 41.9 g (range, 8-180 g); the median lipoaspirate volume was 882 mL (range, 100-2,500 mL). The median operative time was 89.7 min (range, 60-120 min). Complications included seroma in 15 patients, hematoma in 3 patients within 6 h postoperatively, infection in 3 patients, and transient cutaneous sensory changes in 4 patients. The mean patient-reported satisfaction score was 8.8/10. Conclusions: Liposuction combined with periareolar micro-incision gland excision is a technically feasible and cosmetically favorable treatment for gynecomastia. Although postoperative wrinkling or folding of the nipple-areolar complex may occur in patients with more severe deformities, the technique can still provide satisfactory aesthetic outcomes while keeping visible scarring to a minimum. Attention to uniform tumescent infiltration, meticulous hemostasis, dead-space control, and staged compression may further reduce early hematoma and seroma and help prevent postoperative asymmetry, particularly in patients with higher BMI.
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