Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42445238›Full record

ArticleRevista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health2026

Vaccination Coverage Quality Indicators (VCQI): a flexible open-source tool for survey data analysis.

Dale A Rhoda, Caitlin B Clary, Mary Kay Trimner, Mia Yu, Jennifer Brustrom, Marcela Contreras, M Carolina Danovaro-Holliday, Martha Velandia-González

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Dale A RhodaBiostat Global Consulting Worthington, Ohio United States of America Biostat Global Consulting, Worthington, Ohio, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0948-1368
Caitlin B ClaryBiostat Global Consulting Worthington, Ohio United States of America Biostat Global Consulting, Worthington, Ohio, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7283-749X
Mary Kay TrimnerBiostat Global Consulting Worthington, Ohio United States of America Biostat Global Consulting, Worthington, Ohio, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3591-1579
Mia YuBiostat Global Consulting Worthington, Ohio United States of America Biostat Global Consulting, Worthington, Ohio, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1030-7092
Jennifer BrustromBiostat Global Consulting Worthington, Ohio United States of America Biostat Global Consulting, Worthington, Ohio, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5865-3595
Marcela ContrerasPan American Health Organization Comprehensive Immunization Program Washington, DC United States of America Pan American Health Organization, Comprehensive Immunization Program, Washington, DC, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0620-9740
M Carolina Danovaro-HollidayDepartment of Immunization Vaccines and Biologicals World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7324-9198
Martha Velandia-GonzálezPan American Health Organization Comprehensive Immunization Program Washington, DC United States of America Pan American Health Organization, Comprehensive Immunization Program, Washington, DC, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7636-3604

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) and Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) make statistical software scripts freely available to conduct standardized analysis of vaccination coverage surveys. The software and accompanying documentation are named the Vaccination Coverage Quality Indicators (VCQI). The software examines data from child vaccination records and caregiver recall to calculate indicators of vaccination access, coverage, continuity, and quality. VCQI produces output tables and figures that may be copied directly into reports and presentations, as well as survey response data sets augmented with child-level outcome indicator variables calculated according to WHO guidance. It can analyze data from routine immunization surveys, post-campaign coverage surveys, and maternal tetanus coverage surveys. VCQI may be used for either the primary analysis of data from new surveys or secondary analysis of earlier surveys. It can analyze data from USAID Demographic and Health Surveys, UNICEF Multiple-Indicator Cluster Surveys, or WHO Expanded Programme on Immunization surveys. Future versions of VCQI may be extended to analyze data from electronic immunization registries. VCQI has been available as a set of Stata scripts since 2015, and as of 2025, the core routine immunization indicators are also available as a new R package named vcqiR. To publicize VCQI's features and capabilities and to celebrate the milestone of R package availability, the authors share this special report to describe the VCQI vision and design, discuss analyses and insights available from it, and map our vision of what the future may hold for flexible standardized analysis of vaccination coverage data.

Indexed as

registriessoftwareSurveys and questionnairesvaccination coverage

Identifiers

PMID42445238
PMCPMC13360535

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.