Observational studyFrontiers in immunology2026
Neutrophil-derived ROS as a rapid functional biomarker: diagnostic and prognostic performance of the Leukocyte ImmunoTest in infection and sepsis.
Observational study in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Early diagnosis of sepsis remains a major clinical challenge due to the dynamic interplay between infection and host immune response. Conventional biomarkers often fail to capture the dynamic nature of immune activation. Neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS), central to antimicrobial defense and tissue injury, may offer early insight into immune dysregulation. The Leukocyte ImmunoTest (LIT) is a rapid, bedside assay that quantifies neutrophil ROS production within minutes, providing a functional snapshot of innate immunity. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in intensive care and internal medicine wards of a university hospital. Participants were categorized Results: Median LIT values increased across diagnostic groups: 470 RLU in controls, 882 in infection, and 2466 in sepsis (adjusted p < 0.05). LIT demonstrated good diagnostic performance in identifying infection (AUC: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.911-0.968) and sepsis (AUC: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.795-0.915), with performance comparable to CRP and PCT, respectively. In a joint model, higher LIT values were independently associated with increased mortality (HR:1.6, 95% CI:1.2-2.2; p=0.005). Conclusion: LIT is a rapid bedside immune assay capturing the dynamic nature of neutrophil activation, demonstrating diagnostic and prognostic performance comparable to established biomarkers such as CRP and PCT in infection and sepsis. These findings suggest that LIT may have potential as a complementary biomarker in sepsis management. Multicenter studies are needed to confirm its integration into sepsis protocols and to further clarify its role in early recognition, risk stratification, and individualized care.
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