ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
Promising non-invasive biomarkers for kidney allograft monitoring: a mini review.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Significant advancements have been made in kidney transplantation, with a wealth of immunosuppressive and antimicrobial therapies that have significantly improved graft survival. Despite these accomplishments, the ability to promptly identify kidney allograft pathology for these therapies has been limited by the reliance on kidney biopsy as the gold-standard diagnostic modality, which is invasive. To overcome these limitations, non-invasive biomarkers have been developed over the past two decades. Donor-derived cell-free DNA, gene expression profiling, urinary chemokines, extracellular vesicles, microRNA, and Torque Teno Virus are candidates near or already in clinical use. This mini-review discusses the strengths and limitations of these biomarkers for the surveillance and prognostication of renal allografts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.