ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026
Survival outcomes and prognostic factors in
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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14 authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: Advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) carries a poor prognosis, with limited regional data available. This study evaluated outcomes, treatment patterns, and prognostic factors in a multicenter cohort of patients with Methods: A retrospective cohort of 271 patients with Results: Systemic therapy was administered to 211 patients (77.9%). Among the entire cohort, 92 patients (33.9%) received second-line therapy, 25 (9.2%) received third-line therapy, and 8 (3.0%) received fourth-line therapy. Median overall survival (OS) was 9.5 months (95% CI, 8.4-10.6). On multivariable analysis, inferior OS was independently associated with poor ECOG performance status (PS 4: HR 4.08, P = 0.031), age 15-39 years (HR 4.44, P < 0.001), extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (HR 1.91, P = 0.017), cirrhosis (HR 3.13, P = 0.004), and elevated CEA (HR 1.92, P = 0.003). Patients with disease control had a 71% lower hazard of death (HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.18-0.47) and longer median OS (16.0 vs 7.7 months). Conclusions: Advanced BTC in Saudi Arabia demonstrates poor outcomes, with survival strongly influenced by performance status, age, tumor site, cirrhosis, and biomarkers. Treatment exposure was limited, with only one-third receiving second-line therapy, highlighting the urgent need for expanded access to immunotherapy and molecular profiling.
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