ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026
Concordance study of bronchial biopsy tissues and matched bronchial brushing cytology specimens in driver gene detection of non-small cell lung cancer.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: To clarify the correlation between clinicopathological features and gene mutation status in bronchial biopsy tissues and matched bronchial brushing cytology specimens from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with a focus on verifying the concordance of driver gene detection between the two types of specimens, so as to provide high-quality clinical evidence for specimen selection in gene testing for NSCLC targeted therapy. Methods: A total of 160 bronchial biopsy tissue specimens from NSCLC patients pathologically diagnosed in our hospital from January 2023 to December 2025 were enrolled, among which 120 paired qualified bronchial brushing cytology specimens were included as the research objects. Amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) was performed to detect common driver genes of NSCLC in the two types of specimens. Clinicopathological data including gender, age, smoking history, lymph node metastasis status and pathological type were collected. SPSS 26.0 software was used for corresponding statistical analysis. Results: Among the 160 bronchial biopsy tissue specimens, the percentage of gene mutations/fusions was 63.75% (102/160). Among the 120 biopsy tissue specimens with paired bronchial brushing cytology samples, the percentage was 68.33% (82/120), while the percentage for the 120 paired bronchial brushing cytological specimens was 75.00% (90/120); In the two types of paired specimens, the percentages of gene mutations/fusions in female patients and lung adenocarcinoma patients were significantly higher than those in male patients and non-adenocarcinoma patients (P<0.05), whereas age, lymph node metastasis status, and smoking history showed no significant correlation with gene mutation status (P>0.05). The mutation profiles of both paired specimen types were predominantly epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, with EGFR mutation rates detected in 120 biopsy tissue samples at 43.33% and in cytological specimens at 50.83%.The overall concordance rate of genetic testing results between the two types of paired specimens reached 91.67%. The consistency test showed a Kappa value of 0.685 (P < 0.05), indicating a high degree of statistical consistency between the test results of the two specimen types. Conclusion: The gene mutation status of NSCLC patients is closely correlated with gender and pathological type.Paired bronchial brushing cytology specimens and bronchial biopsy tissue specimens collected synchronously exhibit high concordance in detecting NSCLC driver genes,and can be used as an effective supplementary specimen to bronchial biopsy tissues. It provides a new approach for gene detection in NSCLC patients who cannot tolerate invasive biopsy or have unqualified biopsy specimens, and facilitates the implementation of clinical precise targeted therapy.
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