ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026
Asthma-related Pediatric Healthcare Utilization after Hospitalization for RSV and Other Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infections.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants. Although influenza, parainfluenza, and human metapneumovirus also contribute to LRTI-related hospitalizations, their comparative population-level healthcare burden is not well defined. This study compared population-level healthcare utilization (HCU) associated with RSV-LRTI and LRTI caused by other respiratory viruses (ORspV-LRTI). Methods: This nationwide retrospective cohort study used electronic health records from Clalit Health Services (CHS), covering more than 5 million individuals in Israel. Infants born in 2015-2023 and hospitalized before 12 months of age with PCR-confirmed viral LRTI during the RSV season were included. Acute healthcare utilization (HCU) was assessed within 30 days following hospital discharge, and long-term respiratory HCU was evaluated through 6 years of age. HCU was expressed as population-level event rates per 100 000 live births during the study period, and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated using quasi-Poisson regression. Results: The cohort included 5822 infants (4951 RSV-LRTI; 871 ORspV-LRTI). RSV-LRTI infants were younger at hospitalization (median 2.7 vs 4.4 months; Conclusions: RSV-associated LRTI in infancy is associated with substantially greater population-level HCU than LRTI caused by other respiratory viruses, both acutely and throughout early childhood, supporting prioritization of early-life RSV prevention strategies.
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