ArticleMedical devices (Auckland, N.Z.)2026
Tensile and Tear Strength Evaluation of Clean-Grade Silicone with Cellulose Nanocrystals Reinforcement as an Alternative Material for Maxillofacial Prostheses: An Experimental Study.
Article in Medical devices (Auckland, N.Z.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Silicone elastomers are widely used in maxillofacial prostheses owing to their elasticity, esthetic properties, and biocompatibility. Clean-grade silicone serves as an affordable alternative to medical-grade silicone. The addition of Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNC) and intrinsic pigments is expected to enhance the performance of clean-grade silicone. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the effects of CNC and intrinsic pigments on the tensile strength, elongation percentage, and tear strength of clean-grade silicone as an alternative material for maxillofacial prostheses. Materials and Methods: Six groups of clean-grade silicone were evaluated: control, A (with pigment), B (with 0.5% CNC), C (with 0.5% CNC and pigment), D (with 1% CNC), and E (with 1% CNC and pigment). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were conducted to evaluate the morphological and functional group characteristics; tensile strength, elongation percentage, and tear strength were measured to assess changes in mechanical properties and were analyzed statistically. Results: SEM analysis showed microstructure formation characterized by dispersed particles with the addition of 1% CNC and intrinsic pigments. As the filler and pigment were added, the FTIR revealed increased absorption intensities of Si-O-Si functional groups, detected at 1022-1026 cm Conclusion: The addition of 1% CNC and intrinsic pigments successfully increased tensile and tear strength while reducing the elongation percentage of clean-grade silicone that potential as an alternative material; however, future optimization on the tear strength still required before maxillofacial prosthesis application.
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