ArticleApplied animal behaviour science2026
A cross-center comparison of the relationship between matriline fragmentation, grooming cohesion, and agonistic behavior in captive rhesus macaque (
Article in Applied animal behaviour science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
A major challenge in managing captive-bred rhesus macaque social groups is mitigating severe aggression before it escalates to social instability. Prior work at the California National Primate Research Center (CNPRC) showed that fragmentation of matrilineal structure-reflected in lower average kinship among female relatives-is associated with weaker grooming cohesion and higher rates of intense aggression. We tested the generality of these patterns by analyzing data from 105 matrilines across 16 social groups at CNPRC and the Emory National Primate Research Center (ENPRC), which differ in group size, natal male management, and housing conditions. Matrilines with lower mean kinship coefficients showed greater fragmentation in grooming networks, even after accounting for differences in network density. Threshold analyses identified a mean kinship of approximately r = 0.16 as the point at which grooming cohesion declined most consistently across both centers, suggesting a biologically meaningful level of relatedness for maintaining kin-biased social bonds in captive breeding colonies. Patterns of severe aggression differed depending on whether the target was kin or non-kin, and also varied by center. Across both colonies, matrilines with lower mean kinship directed proportionally more severe aggression toward their own kin. For aggression directed toward all group members combined, however, lower kinship predicted increased severe aggression only at ENPRC; at CNPRC, this pattern emerged only when natal male aggression was included. These results demonstrate that mean matrilineal kinship is a robust indicator of family cohesion across management settings. Monitoring matriline kinship-and maintaining values near or above r ≈ 0.16-may therefore help managers identify families at risk of social fragmentation and intervene before intra-family aggression escalates in captive breeding colonies.
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