Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42444601›Full record

ArticleJournal of internal medicine2026

Fabricated references are twice as common in medRxiv preprints as in peer-reviewed articles.

Maxim Topaz, Zhihong Zhang, Pallavi Gupta, Nir Roguin, Laura-Maria Peltonen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Maxim TopazSchool of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2358-9837
Zhihong ZhangSchool of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9948-8936
Pallavi GuptaSchool of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0146-239X
Nir RoguinTel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6710-2746
Laura-Maria PeltonenDepartment of Health and Social Management, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5740-6480

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Indexed as

biomedical literaturecitation errorsevidence synthesisfabricated referencesmedRxivresearch integrity

Identifiers

PMID42444601
PMCPMC13429001

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.