Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42444317›Full record

SynthesisSuicide & life-threatening behavior2026

The Relationship Between Anger and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: A Meta-Analysis.

Tate F Halverson, Tapan A Patel, Luke Nguyen, Rachel L Zelkowitz, Molly Goodrich, Nathan A Kimbrel, Samantha Kaplan, Kirsten H Dillon

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisReview
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Suicide & life-threatening behavior, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Tate F HalversonVA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0560-7576
Tapan A PatelDepartment of Psychology, Florida State University, Florida, USA.
Luke NguyenVA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Rachel L ZelkowitzWomen's Health Sciences Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-4669
Molly GoodrichVeterans Affairs VA Serious Mental Illness Treatment Resource and Evaluation Center, Office of Mental Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Nathan A KimbrelVA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Samantha KaplanDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5340-1754
Kirsten H DillonVA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8479-8456

Funding

BLRD VA IK6 BX006523CSRD VA IK2 CX002439RRD VA IK2 RX004803U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs IK2CX002439U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs IK2RX004803U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs IK6BX006523
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introAssociations of negative affect and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) are well-characterized. However, relationships between discrete negative emotions and NSSI are less well understood. An association between anger and NSSI is supported by contemporary models and growing evidence from studies across diverse populations.

methodsThe goal of this meta-analysis was to systematically review the literature and to calculate the effect size of the relationship between NSSI and anger.

resultsThe relationship between NSSI and anger constructs was examined with data from 25 studies (total N = 9148). Results of the meta-analysis showed an overall moderate association between NSSI and anger (pooled Hedges' g = 0.55) based on 31 individual effect sizes. There were no significant differences in effect size estimates across anger constructs. There were no significant moderators of the relationship between NSSI and anger. DISCUSSION: Findings highlight the important role of the discrete emotion of anger in NSSI among adults. Findings may inform clinical recommendations such as the assessment for potential NSSI when individuals present with anger. Additionally, anger is likely related to the functions of NSSI and may play a role in maintaining this behavior.

conclusionFuture research is needed to examine the relationship between anger and NSSI utilizing longitudinal designs.

Indexed as

AngerSelf-Injurious BehaviorHumanshostilityirritabilityself‐directed violenceself‐harm

Identifiers

PMID42444317
PMCPMC13366022

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.