ArticleTAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik2026
A combination of QTL mapping and genome‑wide association study revealed the key gene for the growth period traits in soybean.
Article in TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Soybean is a short-day crop that exhibits high sensitivity to photoperiod variation. Changes in photoperiod regulate flowering and developmental processes in soybean, ultimately influencing its yield, quality, and geographical adaptability. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying variation in soybean growth periods remain poorly understood. In this study, flowering duration (FD), maturity duration (MD), reproductive duration (RD), and the ratio of reproductive to flowering duration (RD/FD) were investigated in both a natural population and a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. Linkage analysis and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were employed to identify genetic loci associated with growth period-related traits. A total of 51 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling growth period traits were detected in the RIL population, among which 12 QTLs were consistently identified across multiple environments, demonstrating environmental stability and pleiotropic effects on multiple growth period traits. Concurrently, 119 significant quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) associated with growth period traits were identified in the natural population, including six environmentally stable QTNs and four pleiotropic QTNs that influenced multiple traits. Through integrated linkage and association analyses, two major loci were mapped on chromosomes 4 and 19. Additionally, three candidate genes were identified on chromosome 4, among which Glyma.04G125500 encodes a histone-lysine N-methyltransferase protein. Haplotype analysis further confirmed that allelic variation in this gene was significantly associated with variation in growth period traits. Furthermore, kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) marker validation demonstrated that Tof11 significantly modulated growth period variation under both e1e1/e2e2 and E1E1/E2E2 genetic backgrounds. Collectively, these findings provide a theoretical foundation for elucidating the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of soybean growth period traits.
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