Fabrication of low-cost ceramic microfiltration membranes with the addition of fly ash to kaolin-natural zeolite structure for greywater treatment.

Ebrahim Ghanbarian, Mohsen Abbasi, Arash Khosravi, Reza Shahouni, Nadir Dizge

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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 authors.

Ebrahim GhanbarianDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum, Gas and Petrochemical Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169-13798, Iran.

Mohsen AbbasiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum, Gas and Petrochemical Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169-13798, Iran. m.abbasi@pgu.ac.ir.

Arash KhosraviDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum, Gas and Petrochemical Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169-13798, Iran.

Reza ShahouniSchool of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran.

Nadir DizgeDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, 33343, Mersin, Turkey.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this study, low-cost tubular ceramic microfiltration membranes were fabricated by extrusion using kaolin, natural zeolite, fly ash, and α-alumina for laboratory-scale greywater treatment. Fly ash content (5-20 wt %) was evaluated to tune membrane permeability, porosity, and mechanical behavior while avoiding crack formation. Among the fabricated membranes, kaolin-natural zeolite-fly ash (K-Z-F, 75-10-15) and kaolin-α-alumina-fly ash (K-Al-F, 80-10-10) showed the most favorable balance between permeate flux, COD reduction, and mechanical stability. The optimized membranes had average pore sizes in the microfiltration range (1.06-1.14 µm) and porosities of 33.07-41.26%. During 60 min greywater microfiltration at 1 bar and 25 °C, the K-Z-F (75-10-15) membrane achieved a permeate flux of 632.29 ± 3.63 L m⁻

Indexed as

Fly ashGreywater treatmentKaolinLow-cost ceramic membraneMicrofiltrationNatural zeolite

Identifiers

PMID42443267

DOI10.1038/s41598-026-60794-2

PMCPMC13554192

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.