Trial reportAddictive behaviors2026
A randomized controlled trial examining the effects of human models in e-cigarette advertisements and e-cigarette use among susceptible young adults.
Trial report in Addictive behaviors, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe tobacco industry's aggressive marketing has driven e-cigarette use prevalence in young adults. Restricting appealing features - human models - from industry advertisements may reduce product appeal and discourage e-cigarette use in younger populations.
designWe conducted a 2-arm parallel design randomized trial to examine the effects of regulating e-cigarette advertisements by removing human models and collected self-reported measures at 0, 4, 12, and 24 weeks.
interventionSusceptible young adults (N = 185; Mage = 22.5) were randomly assigned to the regulated or unregulated advertisement conditions and viewed an online magazine containing an e-cigarette advertisement every week for 24 weeks during the study. MEASURES: The primary outcome was self-reported e-cigarette harm perceptions and use intentions, and salivary cotinine results assessed at 4, 12, and 24 weeks.
resultsPath analyses showed a sequential pathway, with harm perceptions partially mediating the relationship between viewing the unregulated (humans present) advertisement condition and increased intentions to use e-cigarettes (SRMR = 0.074, AGFI = 0.902, NNFI = 0.944).
conclusionsThe inclusion of human models in e-cigarette advertisements may reduce perceived e-cigarette harms over time, potentially increasing use intentions among susceptible young adults. Findings can inform the FDA and public advocacy initiatives to strengthen marketing regulations of tobacco products and reduce the impact of industry marketing on young people.
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