ArticleRSC advances2026
Aggregation and surface-state modulated fluorescence quenching of lemon-derived carbon quantum dots for the sensitive detection of 4-aminophenol.
Article in RSC advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
4-Aminophenol (4-AP) is the primary degradation product of paracetamol (PA), resulting from its hydrolytic cleavage within the human body and is known for its nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, and teratogenic nature. Its enhanced levels may cause mutagenic responses and DNA damage in living organisms; therefore, the accurate detection of 4-AP is important for public health monitoring. In this study, a facile, green, and one-step approach for the synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) using lemon juice as a sustainable carbon precursor and avoiding toxic reagents and harsh conditions is reported to efficiently quantify 4-AP in aqueous media. The prepared CQDs were comprehensively characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, zeta potential, DLS, FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, and FESEM. Furthermore, to enhance detection performance, the fluorescence intensity of CQDs was optimized by varying the excitation wavelength, concentrations of CQDs and 4-AP, pH and ionic strengths. The probe exhibited good fluorescence stability over a wide pH range and in the presence of different salts (NaCl, KCl, and MgCl
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