Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42441154›Full record

ArticleClinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology2026

Twenty-five years of pediatric type 1 diabetes in Serbia: Trends in age at diagnosis, seasonal variation, and the proportion of diabetic ketoacidosis before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sandra Stankovic, Ivana Vorgučin, Vera Zdravkovic, Nevena Folić, Milica Jakovljevic, Milica Ignjatovic, Jelena Blagojevic, Smiljka Kovacevic, Sanja Panic Zaric, Dimitrije Cvetkovic and 2 more

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Article in Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Sandra StankovicDepartment of Endocrinology, Pediatric Clinic, Medicical Faculty Nis, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia.
Ivana VorgučinEndocrinology, Institute for Children and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, Medical Faculty, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Vera ZdravkovicDepartment of Endocrinology, University Children Hospital, Medical Faculty, Belgrade, Serbia.
Nevena FolićDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac and Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
Milica JakovljevicDepartment of Endocrinology, Pediatric Clinic, Medicical Faculty Nis, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia.
Milica IgnjatovicDepartment of Endocrinology, Pediatric Clinic, Medicical Faculty Nis, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia.
Jelena BlagojevicDepartment of Endocrinology, University Children Hospital, Medical Faculty, Belgrade, Serbia.
Smiljka KovacevicDepartment of Endocrinology, University Children Hospital, Medical Faculty, Belgrade, Serbia.
Sanja Panic ZaricDepartment of Endocrinology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic", Medical Faculty Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Dimitrije CvetkovicDepartment of Endocrinology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic", Medical Faculty Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Miodrag StankovicDepartment of Child Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Medicical Faculty Nis, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia.
Rade VukovićDepartment of Endocrinology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic", Medical Faculty Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We aimed to examine 25-yr trends in the incidence, age at diagnosis, seasonal variation, and frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis among children and adolescents with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus in Serbia, before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This nationwide, multicentre, study included all individuals aged ≤ 19 yr diagnosed with T1DM between 2000 and 2024 across 15 paediatric centres in Serbia. Clinical characteristics were compared using parametric and non-parametric tests, as appropriate. A total of 4,335 new T1DM cases were registered. The incidence increased significantly from 9.7 per 100,000 in 2000 to 25.5 per 100,000 in 2021 (annual percent change (APC) 3.12%, p < 0.001). Among children aged 0-14 yr, incidence rose until 2016 (APC 4.14%, p = 0.01), followed by a plateau through 2024, suggesting possible stabilization in younger age groups. Monthly variations in the frequency of newly diagnosed T1DM cases did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.876). Overall, 42.4% of patients presented with DKA, with a marked rise during the COVID-19 pandemic (47.7%) and persistently higher post-pandemic levels compared with pre-pandemic years. Over 25 yr, Serbia experienced a steady increase in paediatric T1DM incidence with recent stabilization among younger children. DKA remains persistently high in post pandemic years.

Indexed as

childrenCOVID-19 pandemicdiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)incidenceseasonal variationSerbiatype 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)

Identifiers

PMID42441154
PMCPMC13337290

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