ArticleHealth science reports2026
The Relationship Between Psychological Flexibility and Spiritual Well-Being With Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Health science reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background and Aims: Given the limited and contradictory evidence regarding the role of psychological flexibility and spirituality in depression and anxiety, this study aimed to examine the relationship between psychological flexibility and spiritual well-being with symptoms of depression and anxiety among pregnant women. Methods: One hundred and fifty-two eligible participants were selected from pregnant women who visited obstetric clinics in 2024 and were registered in the Babol Pregnancy Mental Health Registry System during pregnancy. Participants completed three self-report questionnaires, including the Psychological Flexibility Scale, the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, and the 18-item Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18), in addition to a demographic form. Results: Regression analyses revealed that anxiety scores were significantly higher among women with university education compared to those without ( Conclusion: Higher psychological inflexibility was associated with greater anxiety symptoms, whereas higher spiritual well-being was associated with lower levels of anxiety and depression among pregnant women. These findings highlight the potential importance of psychological flexibility and spiritual well-being in relation to emotional distress during pregnancy.
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