Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42440862›Full record

ArticleJournal of veterinary research2026

Paraben concentrations in cat hair samples.

Sławomir Gonkowski, Manolis Tzatzarakis, Elena Vakonaki, Thomas Lamprakis, Krystyna Makowska

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of veterinary research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sławomir GonkowskiDepartment of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3528-3958
Manolis TzatzarakisLaboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6450-0846
Elena VakonakiLaboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1510-2205
Thomas LamprakisLaboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9189-4964
Krystyna MakowskaDepartment of Clinical Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2402-6486

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Parabens, organic substances used as preservatives in various branches of industry, penetrate the environment and living organisms. There is only scant knowledge of cats' exposure to parabens. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the levels of common industrial parabens in samples of cat hair. Material and Methods: Concentration levels of four parabens (methylparaben - MeP, ethylparaben - EtP, propylparaben - PrP and butylparaben - BuP) were analysed in cat hair samples (n = 70) using a liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The signalment, body condition score and possibility of outdoor access were recorded for each cat. Results: All four parabens were found in the cat hair. The concentrations of parabens in pg/mg were as follows: MeP - range 28.7-7,094.7, median 273.5 and mean 620.6 ± 1,193; EtP - range 10.8-6,458.2, median 43.1 and mean 188.2 ± 778.1; PrP - range 6.6-1,793, median 33.2 and mean 107.5 ± 246.9; and BuP - range 8.9-276.5, median 11.5 and mean 27.2 ± 49.5. Statistically significantly higher levels of PrP were noted in strictly indoor cats compared to cats with outdoor access. Statistically significant differences in paraben levels between animals of different sexes, ages and body conditions were not observed. Conclusion: The obtained results have shown that cats are exposed to parabens to a considerable extent, which suggests that the exposure to these compounds may negatively affect cats' health.

Indexed as

aggregate exposurebiomonitoringcatsendocrine disruptorshyperlocal exposure

Identifiers

PMID42440862
PMCPMC13334297

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.