ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2026
The effect of joint angles on shot performance during the swing with different clubs among female professional golfers.
Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the differences in body joint angles during driver, 5-iron, and 7-iron swings in female professional golfers and their relationships with shot performance, providing a biomechanical basis for technical training. Methods: Twelve female professional golfers were recruited. A Qualisys three-dimensional motion capture system (250 Hz) and a FlightScope Xi launch monitor were used to collect data at four key swing phases: half backswing (HB), top of backswing (TOP), half downswing (HD), and impact (IMP). Joint angles of the head, neck, torso, pelvis, elbow, wrist, and knee were measured, along with performance parameters including carry, clubhead speed (CHS), smash factor, vertical angle, axis, and backspin rate (RPM). One-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare differences among clubs, and Pearson correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationships between joint angles and shot performance. Results: The driver produced significantly greater carry, CHS, and smash factor than the irons ( Conclusions: Female professional golfers adapt to club-specific hitting demands primarily through adjustments in head, torso, and knee joint angles, while maintaining a relatively stable upper limb control pattern across club types. From a practical standpoint, driver training should emphasize lead forearm supination and lead knee external rotation braking at IMP; 5-iron training should prioritize control of torso forward tilt and head side tilt; and 7-iron training should focus on maintaining lead knee flexion and promoting sequential separation between pelvis and torso rotation.
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