Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42440683›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026

From challenge-skills balance to wellbeing in sports: the role of team identification and flow.

Manuel Teresi, Alessandra Fermani, Ilaria Giovannelli, Mara Marini, Stefano Livi, Attilio Di Crescenzo, Stefano Pagliaro

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Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Manuel TeresiDepartment of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy.
Alessandra FermaniDepartment of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy.
Ilaria GiovannelliDepartment of Psychology, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Mara MariniDepartment of Psychology, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Stefano LiviDepartment of Psychology of Developmental and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Attilio Di CrescenzoDepartment of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Stefano PagliaroDepartment of Psychology, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigated the psychological mechanisms linking challenge-skills balance to psychological wellbeing among team-sport athletes, considering team identification and flow experience as the fundamental drivers of this relationship. A sample of 281 team-sport athletes completed an online survey comprising measures of challenge-skill balance, team identification, flow, and wellbeing. Results supported the hypothesized model: Athletes who perceived their competencies as congruent with competitive demands reported stronger team identification, which in turn was related to deeper flow experiences. Flow was then associated with wellbeing, mediating the effect of team identification. These findings highlight the interconnected role of cognitive resources, social identity processes, and optimal experiential states in sustaining athletes' psychological wellbeing.

Indexed as

challenge-skills balanceflowpsychological wellbeingsport psychologyteam identification

Identifiers

PMID42440683
PMCPMC13333712

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.