ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Glycemic variability and muscle loss in elderly type 2 diabetes: insights from continuous glucose monitoring and chest CT in 303 patients.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Sarcopenia is common among older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although chronic hyperglycemia is known to contribute to muscle loss, it remains unclear whether glucose fluctuations-independent of average glucose levels-also play a role. This study aimed to investigate the association between glucose fluctuation and pectoralis muscle mass in elderly patients with T2DM. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 303 elderly patients with T2DM who underwent continuous glucose monitoring and chest CT between October 2022 and December 2025. Glycemic variability was assessed using several metrics: coefficient of variation (CV), standard deviation (SD), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), mean of daily differences, time in range, time above range, time below range (TBR), and mean blood glucose. Pectoralis muscle index (PMI) was measured from CT images at the T4 vertebra level. Multivariable linear regression, subgroup analyses, and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: Four glycemic variability indicators-CV, SD, MAGE, and TBR-were independently associated with lower PMI after adjusting for confounders (all Conclusions: Greater glycemic variability is independently associated with lower pectoralis muscle mass in elderly patients with T2DM, especially among those with longer disease duration or normal body weight. Stabilizing glucose fluctuations may be an important consideration for preserving muscle mass in this population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.