ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026
Pseudocapsule status combined with pathological parameters predicts prognosis in renal cell carcinoma.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: We evaluated whether pseudocapsule status, alone and in combination with pathological parameters, could serve as a prognostic marker in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 1560 patients with RCC who underwent surgery at a single institution between 2007 and 2012. The patients were randomly assigned to training (n=780) and validation (n=780) cohorts. Pseudocapsule status was classified as grade 0 (intact pseudocapsule without breakthrough), grade 1 (pseudocapsule invasion), and grade 2 (pseudocapsule breakthrough or absence). A pseudocapsule-pathological parameter score (PPS) was constructed by integrating pseudocapsule status with pathological type, Fuhrman grade, nuclear necrosis, sarcomatoid transformation, microvascular infiltration, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score, and tumor-node-metastasis stage. The scores were categorized as low, intermediate, and high. Overall survival and relapse-free survival were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Results: Among the 1560 patients, 529 had grade 0 pseudocapsules, 701 had grade 1 pseudocapsules, and 330 had grade 2 pseudocapsules. The Kaplan-Meier curves revealed better overall survival in patients with grade 0 pseudocapsules than those with grades 1 and 2. Multivariate analyses identified grade 2 pseudocapsule status as an independent predictor of worse overall survival (hazard ratio 3.94, 95% confidence interval 2.09-7.43, Conclusions: Pseudocapsule status demonstrated good prognostic implications in RCC. Furthermore, the new PPS system, which combines pseudocapsule status with established pathological parameters, may better predict patient prognosis.
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