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ArticleFrontiers in public health2026

Impact of post-licensure radiation safety training on catheterization laboratory radiation practices among interventional cardiologists in India: a nationwide survey.

Gnanaraj Justin Paul, Ashok Kumar, Anne Princy Steaphen, Dhamodaran Kaliyamoorthy, Dorairaj Prabhakar, Harilalith Kovvuri, Janakiraman Ezhilan, Kesavamoorthy Bhoopalan, Kumaresan Kannan, Marimuthu S Ravi and 7 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Gnanaraj Justin PaulDepartment of Cardiology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Ashok KumarDepartment of Cardiology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Anne Princy SteaphenDepartment of Cardiology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Dhamodaran KaliyamoorthyDepartment of Cardiology, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Dorairaj PrabhakarDepartment of Cardiology, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Harilalith KovvuriDepartment of Cardiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Janakiraman EzhilanDepartment of Cardiology, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Kesavamoorthy BhoopalanDepartment of Cardiology, Meenakshi Hospital, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
Kumaresan KannanDepartment of Cardiology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Marimuthu S RaviShanmugam Multispeciality Hospital, Royapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
N Prathap KumarDepartment of Cardiology, Meditrina Group of Hospitals, Kollam, Kerala, India.
Prathap Kumar GorijavaramDepartment of Cardiology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Sadanand ShettySadanand Healthy Living Center, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Sundar ChidambaramDepartment of Cardiology, Kauvery Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Swetharajan GunasekarDepartment of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Justin Paul Winfred GnanarajDepartment of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Nagendra Boopathy SenguttuvanDepartment of Cardiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Occupational radiation exposure remains a persistent and underestimated hazard in cardiac catheterization laboratories. This study evaluated the impact of post-licensure radiation safety training on adherence to radiation safety practices among interventional cardiologists. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted between May 2022 and August 2023 among 753 interventional cardiologists. Radiation safety knowledge and practice were assessed across five domains - dose awareness, time, distance, shielding, and collimation - and combined into a composite Radiation Safety Score (RSS; Maximum 100). Demographic and practice-related variables were analysed, and multivariable log-linear regression was used to identify independent predictors of higher RSS. A study-specific, novel Radiation Safety Score (RSS) was developed to assess adherence to radiation safety practices and as such, it was not externally validated or tested for reliability among other cohorts. Results: Of the 753 respondents, 716 met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 44 years [IQR 37-52], and the mean catheterization laboratory experience was 11 ± 8.7 years. Two-thirds (66%) had attended at least one post-licensure radiation safety training program. The mean RSS was 56.5 ± 21.7, and only 16.3% achieved scores ≥ 75. Trained participants demonstrated significantly higher performance across all five radiation safety domains ( Conclusion: Radiation safety practices among interventional cardiologists in India remain suboptimal. Participation in post-licensure radiation safety training is independently associated with better adherence across all major safety domains. Incorporating structured radiation safety training into cardiology conferences may help strengthen radiation safety culture and enhance long-term occupational protection.

Indexed as

Cardiac CatheterizationCardiologistsOccupational ExposureRadiation ProtectionAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansIndiaMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and Questionnairescatheterization laboratoryinterventional cardiologyoccupational exposureradiation protectionradiation safety training

Identifiers

PMID42440505
PMCPMC13333479

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.