ArticleEndocrine2026
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in Argentina: real-world diagnostic lags and treatment barriers.
Article in Endocrine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Neoadjuvant therapy in thyroid cancer: an emerging approach.Endocrine · 2026Review
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5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAnaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an aggressive malignancy with high mortality. Approximately 50% harbor the BRAF V600E mutation, for which dabrafenib-trametinib (DT) has been associated with improved survival (OS). Prompt diagnosis and access to molecular testing and targeted therapy are critical for outcomes. We evaluated diagnostic and therapeutic barriers in ATC patients treated in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
methodsThis retrospective multicenter cohort study included 48 ATC patients from 11 centers in Buenos Aires (2019-2025). Initial diagnostic methods (IDMs) included fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), core needle biopsy (CNB), surgical biopsy, or unsuspected diagnosis after thyroidectomy. We assessed diagnostic delay, BRAF testing, DT access, and OS.
resultsMedian time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 3.16 months (IQR: 2-5.5). FNAC was the most frequent IDM (62%), but confirmed ATC in only 30%. Unsuspected ATC diagnosed in surgical specimens accounted for 29% of cases. BRAF testing was performed in 70% of patients, with 59% positivity, and a median turnaround of 7.5 days (IQR 4-29) from collection to result. Median time from diagnosis to DT initiation was 39 days (IQR 22-70). Only 40% of eligible BRAF-positive patients received DT. Median OS was 3.23 months (IQR 1.4-11.5). In an exploratory unadjusted analysis, DT-treated patients had longer OS (8.6 vs. 3.61 months; p = 0.037). Unsuspected ATC diagnosed after thyroidectomy and surgery were associated with longer OS.
conclusionsDiagnostic delays and barriers to molecular testing and targeted therapy remain substantial. Optimizing diagnostic pathways, prioritizing representative tissue sampling, and improving timely access to molecular testing and DT may enable earlier treatment and better outcomes.
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