ArticleArchives of microbiology2026
Genomic insights into the TAL effector diversity and SWEET gene targeting in Indian strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.
Article in Archives of microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal agent of bacterial blight, poses a persistent threat to rice production, with virulent pathotypes overcoming major resistance (R) genes. To investigate virulence diversity among Indian isolates, we performed complete genome sequencing of four Indian Xoo strains (IX-123, IX-188, IX-249, and IX-423) using a hybrid Illumina-Oxford Nanopore approach to characterize their transcription activator-like effector (TALE) repertoires. Each strain harbored 17-19 tal genes, revealing extensive TALome variation. Effector binding element (EBE) predictions identified multiple TALEs targeting promoters of clade-III OsSWEET genes. Comparative analysis showed several Indian TALEs shared EBE similarities with known virulence effectors such as PthXo1 and AvrXa7, suggesting conserved targeting mechanisms. Quantitative RT-PCR based expression profiling confirmed strain-specific induction of five clade III SWEET genes in the susceptible cultivar IR24 upon infection. Collectively, this study uncovers the complexity of Indian Xoo TALomes and the central role of SWEET genes as universal susceptibility hubs, providing genomic insights for developing SWEET-promoter-edited rice lines with durable, region-specific resistance to bacterial blight.
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