ArticleInternational ophthalmology2026
Latitudinal variation in morphological patterns of lens opacity among patients with cataracts.
Article in International ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo characterize age-related cataract (ARC) morphology and subtype distribution across Yunnan (China), Vietnam, and Sri Lanka, and to assess associations with region, age, sex, and preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).
methodsWe reviewed 390 patients (657 eyes) who underwent phacoemulsification with IOL implantation at tertiary eye hospitals in Yunnan, Vietnam, and Sri Lanka from 2019-2024. EXCLUSIONS: traumatic, congenital, metabolic, or secondary cataracts (e.g., post-uveitic), and combined procedures (e.g., cataract-glaucoma surgery). ARC subtypes were classified using LOCS III as pure cortical (CC), nuclear sclerotic (NSC), posterior subcapsular (PSC), or mixed (e.g., CC/NSC, CC/PSC). We collected demographics, preoperative BCVA (decimal notation), ocular comorbidities, and surgical indications. Regional differences were tested with ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis; correlations used Spearman's rank test (α = 0.05, two-sided). A sensitivity analysis used one eye per patient-selected as the more advanced cataract-to address bilateral inclusion.
resultsARC subtype distribution differed significantly by region (χ
conclusionARC morphology differs markedly across Yunnan, Vietnam, and Sri Lanka-CC/PSC dominates in Yunnan and Vietnam; pure CC and CC/NSC predominate in Sri Lanka. These patterns may reflect regional differences in UV exposure, nutrition, healthcare access, or genetic background. As a retrospective observational study, causal inference is limited-but the findings provide clear, testable hypotheses for future prospective research.
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