ArticleVeterinary research communications2026
PCR-based detection of Chicken Anemia Virus and Escherichia coli co-infection in commercial poultry flocks in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Article in Veterinary research communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The poultry sector of Pakistan plays a significant role in food security, yet faces various challenges including infectious agents. Chicken Anemia Virus (CAV) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) are major pathogens due to their immunosuppressive and opportunistic nature, respectively. Since co-infections can increase disease severity and financial losses in poultry production, the aim of this study was to identify and genetically characterize CAV and E. coli from co-infections in commercial poultry in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 40 samples were collected; bone marrow samples for CAV and liver and spleen tissues for E. coli detection. DNA was extracted using an automated extractor. Polymerase chain reaction targeted VP1 gene of CAV and uspA gene of E. coli. Culture and biochemical tests were also used to identify E. coli isolates prior to PCR. Amplicons were sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically. Descriptive statistics indicated an overall 15% (6/40) co-infection of CAV and E. coli. Co-infections were more frequent in commercial layer flocks compared to broilers and in < 24 days-old chickens compared to > 24 days-old. More co-infections were observed in the Spring than in Winter and Summer, however, no statistically significant association was found. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1 gene of CAV from co-infections showed genetic similarity with strains from Europe, Asia, and South America, while the uspA gene of E. coli showed genetic similarity with isolates from South Asian countries. This study highlights the occurrence of co-infection in commercial poultry flocks in Lahore, with a higher frequency in young layers during the Spring season.
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