Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42439961›Full record

ReviewBiological cybernetics2026

Quantifying spike train synchrony and directionality: Measures and Applications.

Thomas Kreuz

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biological cybernetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Thomas KreuzInstitute for Complex Systems (ISC), National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. thomas.kreuz@cnr.it.

Funding

National Centre for HPC, Big Data and Quantum Computing CUP B93C22000620006
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

By introducing the twin concepts of reliability and precision along with the corresponding measures, Mainen and Sejnowski's seminal 1995 paper "Reliability of spike timing in neocortical neurons" (Mainen and Sejnowski 1995) paved the way for a new kind of quantitative spike train analysis. In subsequent years a host of new methods was introduced that measured both the synchrony among neuronal spike trains and the directional component, e.g. how activity propogates between neurons. This development culminated with a new class of measures that are both time scale independent and time resolved. These include the two spike train distances ISI- and SPIKE-Distance as well as the coincidence detector SPIKE-Synchronization and its directional companions SPIKE-Order and Spike Train Order. This contribution to the special issue will not only review all of these measures but also include two recently proposed algorithms for latency correction which build on Spike Train Order and aim to optimize the spike time alignment of sparse spike trains with well-defined global spiking events. For the sake of clarity, all these methods will be illustrated on artificially generated data but in each case exemplary applications to real neuronal data will be described as well.

Indexed as

Action PotentialsModels, NeurologicalNeuronsAlgorithmsAnimalsHumansLatency CorrectionNeural CodingReliabilitySpike train synchrony

Identifiers

PMID42439961
PMCPMC13364812

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.