ReviewInfection and immunity2026
Pathogenic type-2 immunity beyond allergy: the role of Th2 cell heterogeneity in helminth infections.
Review in Infection and immunity, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Type 2 immunity is a defining feature of helminth infection and is traditionally viewed as protective, promoting parasite expulsion, tissue repair, and/or suppression of bystander antigens. However, work in allergic disease has demonstrated that Th2 cells are not functionally uniform but instead comprise specialized subsets, including highly differentiated pathogenic Th2 populations characterized by sustained IL-5/13 production, epithelial alarmin responsiveness, and stable tissue residency. The presence of these cells is associated with immunopathology and worse clinical outcomes. Interestingly, many helminth-associated pathologies, including granulomatous fibrosis in schistosomiasis, pulmonary injury during
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