ReviewCells2026
Deciphering the Anti-Tumor Mechanisms of Metformin Through Reprogramming of the Tumor Microenvironment.
Review in Cells, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Metformin is a cornerstone medication for type 2 diabetes and exhibits anti-tumor activities. Previous studies have demonstrated that metformin suppresses tumor progression by regulating multiple signaling pathways, including the AMPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and JNK pathways. However, most previous studies have focused on its direct effects on tumor cells, with limited attention to its effects in the TME. The TME constitutes a multifaceted ecosystem that drives tumor development and therapeutic resistance via physical barrier formation, immune evasion, and abnormal angiogenesis. In this review, we systematically summarize the impact and underlying regulatory mechanisms of metformin on distinct components of the TME. In addition, we discuss the individual and combined roles of metformin in immunity and inflammation, as well as vascular, matrix, and metabolic regulation. By elucidating the mechanisms of metformin-mediated TME reprogramming, we aim to provide new perspectives for understanding its anti-tumor effects and facilitating its clinical translation in cancer therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.