Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42439379›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026

Sustained Delivery of a Shingles Subunit Vaccine Overcomes Age-Related Declines in Humoral and Cellular Immunity Relative to Shingrix.

Ye Eun Song, Jerry Yan, Ben S Ou, Olivia M Saouaf, Noah Eckman, E A Appel

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Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ye Eun SongDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Jerry YanDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Ben S OuDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Olivia M SaouafDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Noah EckmanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4183-0153
E A AppelDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2301-7126

Funding

30-parameter FACSymphony A3 flow cytometer for Shared Resource LabS10OD026831 · OD · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI NOLAN, GARRY P · 2019 to 2019
$510k
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation INV-027411Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation INV027411NIH HHS S10 OD026831
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The global aging population faces heightened vulnerability to infectious diseases due to immunosenescence, which diminishes the potency, durability, and breadth of vaccine-induced immunity. While the leading shingles vaccine, Shingrix, provides protection against herpes zoster virus for adults aged 50 and older, it is often associated with severe local and systemic reactogenicity, which limits vaccine compliance. Here, we report an injectable polymer-nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogel platform for the sustained delivery of a shingles subunit vaccine to enhance immune responses while mitigating reactogenicity in aged mice. Hydrogel-based vaccination elicited significantly more potent and durable humoral immune responses than Shingrix, while inflammatory cytokine levels remained below the limit of detection. Moreover, aged mice vaccinated with the hydrogel-based vaccine exhibited robust antigen-specific cellular immune responses. These findings demonstrate that controlling the temporal presentation of vaccine components can overcome age-associated declines in immune responsiveness without inducing excessive inflammatory signaling. By decoupling immunogenicity from reactogenicity, our hydrogel-based delivery strategy offers a promising approach to improve both the efficacy and tolerability of subunit vaccines for the elderly and may be broadly applicable to other vaccines targeting aging populations.

Indexed as

controlled deliverydepothydrogelimmunosenescencevaccine

Identifiers

PMID42439379
PMCPMC13360122

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.