ArticleInternational journal of mental health nursing2026
The Impact of Workplace Bullying and Organizational Incivility on Nurses' Emotional Distress: Exploring Parallel Mediation Through Life Satisfaction and Functional Impairment-A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in International journal of mental health nursing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Workplace bullying and organizational incivility are widespread psychosocial hazards in healthcare, putting nurses at a heightened risk for emotional distress. While prior research has demonstrated their harmful effects, the mechanisms through which these stressors influence psychological outcomes are still not well understood. Guided by the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, this study aimed to investigate whether life satisfaction and work and social adjustment function as parallel mediators linking workplace mistreatment to emotional distress among nurses. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1355 registered nurses from 12 hospitals. Participants completed validated measures of workplace bullying, organizational incivility, life satisfaction, work and social adjustment, and emotional distress. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was performed using maximum likelihood estimation to evaluate direct and indirect pathways. Mediation effects were tested using bias-corrected bootstrapping with 5000 resamples. Both workplace bullying and organizational incivility were significantly associated with lower life satisfaction and greater work and social impairment. Life satisfaction negatively predicted emotional distress, whereas work and social impairment showed a positive association. The final SEM demonstrated excellent fit indices (χ
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