Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42438383›Full record

ArticleTransboundary and emerging diseases2026

Adaptive Evolution of Serotype O Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Under Vaccine Pressure: Combined VP1 T142/Q153 Mutations Drive Antigenic Alteration and Immune Evasion.

Nan Cao, Yamei Li, Xinghua Chen, Qiongqiong Zhao, Jinyan Zhang, Xianfei Shang, Junling Hou, Jinming Zhang, Bo Yin, Jinyan Wu and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Nan CaoNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China, hzau.edu.cn.
Yamei LiNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China, hzau.edu.cn.
Xinghua ChenNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China, hzau.edu.cn.
Qiongqiong ZhaoNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China, hzau.edu.cn.
Jinyan ZhangNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China, hzau.edu.cn.
Xianfei ShangNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China, hzau.edu.cn.
Junling HouState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China, caas.cn.
Jinming ZhangState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China, caas.cn.
Bo YinShanghai Shen Lian Biomedical Corporation, Shanghai, 200241, China.
Jinyan WuState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China, caas.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2807-4450
Xiangmin LiNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China, hzau.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1412-5069
Ping QianNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China, hzau.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3120-2556

Funding

Huazhong Agricultural University Intelligent Research Institute of Food Health IRIFH202209National Key Research and Development Program of China 2021YFD1800300National Key Research and Development Program of China 2022YFD1800800National Natural Science Foundation of China 32072841
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) escapes host immune surveillance via adaptive evolution driven by vaccine-mediated selective pressure, leading to persistent breakthrough infections in immunized animals. In this study, the dominant neutralizing epitope VP1 G-H loop (141-160 aa) was analyzed among 46 serotype O FMDV strains belonging to Southeast Asian (SEA) and Middle East-South Asian (ME-SA) topotypes isolated during 1980-2019. The key amino acid residues at VP1 positions 142 and 153 underwent sequential stepwise evolution across three phases under natural selection. Based on the reverse genetic system of Wt, single-site mutant (T142P, Q153P) and double-site mutant (T142P&Q153P) strains were rescued. These mutation sites were further introduced into an efficient FMDV nanoparticle vaccine to construct four vaccine candidates. Mouse immunization verified all vaccines conferred solid protection against Wt and single-mutant strains, yet protection efficacy was greatly impaired against the double mutant. The double-mutant vaccine elicited high-level neutralizing antibodies against the double-mutant strain (T142P&Q153P) with a titer of 1:426.67, 10-20 folds higher than Wt (1:21.33), T142P (1:32), and Q153P (1:42.67) vaccines. Consistent results were also obtained in pigs immunized with commercial inactivated vaccines. Collectively, combined mutations at VP1 142 and 153 reshape viral antigenicity and act as core drivers of FMDV immune evasion. Integrating such immune escape hotspots into vaccine antigens can broaden neutralizing antibody coverage, offering an experimental basis for clarifying FMDV evolution and developing broad-spectrum vaccines.

Indexed as

Capsid ProteinsFoot-and-Mouth DiseaseFoot-and-Mouth Disease VirusImmune EvasionViral VaccinesAnimalsAntigens, ViralEvolution, MolecularMiceMutationSerogroupSwineAntigens, ViralCapsid ProteinsViral VaccinesVP1 protein, Foot-and-mouth disease virusantigenicitycombined mutationFMDVimmune evasionVP1 G–H loop

Identifiers

PMID42438383
PMCPMC13358367

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.