Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42438127›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of school health2026

Enhancing Motor Competence in Rhythmic Gymnastics: Effects of the Overlapping Waves Strategy in School-Based Physical Education.

Ghofran Basheer Hamza, Lena Ali Sherkhan, Hatem Ghouili, Suhair Raad Yahya, Raul Ioan Muntean, Halil İbrahim Ceylan, Valentina Stefanica, Abeer Dakhil Hatem Al-Selmi, Marwa Saadi Mohamood, Wissem Dhahbi and 1 more

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Article in The Journal of school health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Ghofran Basheer HamzaDepartment of Individual Games, College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Lena Ali SherkhanDepartment of Individual Games, College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Hatem GhouiliResearch Unit "Sport Sciences, Health and Movement," High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia.
Suhair Raad YahyaDepartment of Individual Games, College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Raul Ioan MunteanDepartment of Physical Education and Sport, University "1 Decembrie 1918" of Alba Iulia, Alba Iulia, Romania.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4615-6687
Halil İbrahim CeylanPhysical Education of Sports Teaching Department, Faculty of Kazim Karabekir Education, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2214-4667
Valentina StefanicaDepartment of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sciences, Physical Education and Informatics, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Pitesti University Center, Pitesti, Romania.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4031-1412
Abeer Dakhil Hatem Al-SelmiDepartment of Individual Games, College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Marwa Saadi MohamoodDepartment of Individual Games, College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Wissem DhahbiResearch Unit "Sport Sciences, Health and Movement," High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6221-546X
Lamia BenezzeddineHigh Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRhythmic gymnastics offers a context for motor development. This study examined the association between the Overlapping Waves Strategy and traditional instruction in fundamental club skills.

methodsA cluster-allocated quasi-experimental design (16 sessions) was implemented among 64 fifth-grade female students. Participants received Overlapping Waves Strategy (n = 32) or conventional instruction (n = 32). Four skills were assessed by certified judges.

resultsTwo-way mixed ANOVA revealed significant group × time interactions (all p < 0.001). The experimental group exhibited greater pre-post performance gains than the control group. Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity: The strategy provides a structured pedagogical framework for physical education, suggesting potential feasibility, though limited by the specific single-setting and demographic parameters, and policy recommendations remain premature without broader replication.

conclusionPreliminary findings indicate greater short-term execution of club skills in the experimental classroom. Classroom-level confounding cannot be excluded. Replication in cluster-randomized designs with retention measures is required.

Indexed as

GymnasticsMotor SkillsPhysical Education and TrainingSchool Health ServicesChildFemaleHumansSchoolscooperative learningfundamental movement skillsmotor competencemotor developmentphysical literacyrhythmic gymnasticsschool‐based intervention

Identifiers

PMID42438127
PMCPMC13358179

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.