ReviewNPJ precision oncology2026
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in glioblastoma: immunobiology and translational implications.
Review in NPJ precision oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) poses unique challenges to immunotherapy, owing to its low tumor mutational burden, profound antigenic heterogeneity, and highly immunosuppressive microenvironment. Observations of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in human GBM differ from those in syngeneic orthotopic murine models: whereas TILs in several widely used murine glioma models display an abundance of exhausted T cells, patient tumors are enriched for clonally expanded granzyme K⁺ T cells of uncertain function. We review the current understanding of the brain tumor immunity cycle in GBM, highlight the translational implications of TIL biology, and evaluate emerging TCR-based approaches, including adoptive TILs transfer, neoantigen vaccines, and engineered receptors. A refined focus on identifying and harnessing tumor-selective T cells may enable more rational, personalized immunotherapies for GBM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.